SWOT analysis of IKEA The WritePass Journal

SWOT analysis of IKEA Introduction SWOT analysis of IKEA IntroductionReferences:Related Introduction The following essay is a critical analysis of two of Gareth Morgan’s metaphors in relation to a real organization that, over the course of the organization existence and expansion, has in some way applied these two metaphors for attaining success and sustainability. The metaphors that will be discussed for this study are the image of an organization as an organism, and an organization as a culture. The organization studied in relation to these metaphors is IKEA, the home furniture retailer. Relevant examples within the organization evolutionary process will be given where necessary to illustrate the significance of the metaphors in question. It is, however, vital to learn the organization background to delve any further. IKEA prides itself to be the most successful and largest furniture retailer in the world, and boasts provision of everything and anything for a home, having products suited for people of all ages, and all this at low prices. The company promises excellent value for money spent with all of their products designed with an emphasis on natural colours to bring a light and airy atmosphere within a home. This concept is based purely on IKEA’s Swedish origins, where people pride themselves in living in harmony with nature with simple home designs which offer maximum efficiency in all weathers (iamaceo.com/marketing/ikea-brand-success-strategy/). IKEA’s vision, â€Å"to create a better everyday life for the many people† is reportedly largely aimed at the global middleclass which is also evident from their business idea, â€Å"to offer a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them† (ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/press_room/student_info.html). To achieve this global mission, IKEA is well known for having a rapid internationalisation process from its Swedish origins and its rapid expansion into countries with cultures very different from its original Swedish national culture (Hollensen, 2007). With 265 stores worldwide, where 235 are owned by the IKEA group while the remaining 30 by franchisees outside the group; the extent of IKEA’s expansion is obvious (IKEA, 2007). Although owned by franchisees in some countries, the IKEA concept and trademark are solely owned by Inter IKEA Systems B.V in Netherlands. This means Inter IKEA Systems B.V is the franchiser for all IKEA stores within or outside of the IKEA group, ensuring uniformity of corporate values right from the centre (IKEA, 2007). Having looked into the organisation’s background, it is now important to study Morgan’s metaphors, which can then be applied to the organisation. Firstly, Morgan suggests that organisation theorists, after decades of comparing organisations as mechanistic entities, have moved to the biological sciences for more apt comparisons, where individuals, groups, organisations, populations or species of organisations, and their social ecology are paralleled with molecules, cells, complex organisms, species and ecology (Morgan, 2006, pg 34). The idea derived from drawing such comparisons is that certain species of organisation are adapted to certain external conditions just as certain species of organisms are to certain environments (Morgan, 2006, pg 33). Such metaphoric views have changed the classical mechanistic focus on efficiency, and structure to the basic element of survival with more emphasis on the organisation-environment relationship (Morgan, 2006; 1998). This can be f urther complimented with modern environmental analysis methods like SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and PEST (political, economical, sociological and technological) analyses, that have been developed solely for comparing an organisation’s internal abilities to the external factors that may or are affecting its survival and performance in that environment (Johnson et al, 2008; Kotler, 2003). Within the metaphor of an organisation as a living organism, Morgan introduces certain characteristics like the open systems approach, adaptability to the environment (contingency theories), different species of organisation etc (2006; 1998), but this essay will mainly look into the organisation as an open system, and its adaptability to the external environment. The open system approach is based on the theory that organic systems at the cell level, as complex organisms, and as part of a population of organisms, exist in constant interaction with their environment, and this interaction is vital for the very survival and sustainability of the organism. A similar approach can be applied to an organisation, where individuals, groups, and the complex organisation are in constant interaction with their market environment for survival (Morgan, 2006; 1998; Dowling et al, 2008; Johnson et al, 2008). In support of the open systems approach Morgan discusses the law of requisite variety according to which, the internal regulatory/functioning mechanisms of a system must be at least as diverse as its environment in order to deal with the variety and challenge posed by the environment (Morgan, 2006; 1998; Watson, 2002). This brings us to the challenge of adapting internal characteristics to the external environment, also called ‘contingency theories by Morgan (2006), where he argues that all organisational systems are open systems in relation to the environments they operate in, and careful management is needed to â€Å"satisfy and balance internal needs and to adapt to environmental circumstances† (Morgan, 2006, pg 42). This approach assumes that the environment dictates the changes within the organisation, and that managers employing different approaches to management, must continuously strive to bring about a strategic fit between internal and external factors (Morgan, 2006; Johnson et al, 2008). This is especially applicable to multinational organisations that have to constantly adapt themselves to local conditions, whilst still working towards the original corporate objectives. Dowling et al (2008) summarise this by saying, â€Å"the International Organisation will be called on to operate across a wide variety of competitive environments and yet somehow balance these diverse social, political and economic contexts with the requirements of the original home context.† (Pg 25) IKEA has been one of those international organisations that have had to constantly adapt to the different environments where it operates. The company had initially employed an ethnocentric approach of management where only Swedes were recruited for management positions so as to ensure the original ‘Swedishness’ of the organisation. But this approach eventually met with criticism and a temporary setback in IKEA’s overseas operations, where the organisation was faced with the task of revising its overseas recruitment policies in order to meet the demands of local cultures and employment laws (Kling and Goteman, 2003; Kochan et al, 2002). According to Bjork (1998), every time IKEA was faced with a struggle due to internationalisation, new cultural management policies would be implemented, the latest being Diversity Management. IKEA has had to rapidly transform itself from an ethnocentric corporation to an organisation that embraces people of all backgrounds, and has in many communiquà ©s expressed the importance of having a culturally diverse workforce in order to obtain competitive advantage on the global scene. This is evident from the organisation’s recruitment websites in various countries, where emphasis is given for potential employees to ‘be themselves’, but at the same time adhere to shared corporate values such as ‘simplicity’, ‘cost-consciousness’, ‘hard work’ etc, but almost all of the websites show a picture of a man and woman of Scandinavian origin (see case, also Bjork, 1998). This has created a paradox within the IKEA Group’s core values, where there is still a strong emphasis on the company’s Scandinavian background. This is found more on the websites of stores directly owned by the IKEA Group, whereas the stores owne d by outside franchisees are more receptive to their local environments. IKEA in Dubai, UAE, for example, is franchised by Al Futtaim Group, which acts as the main recruiting agency for the company. Since its opening in 1991, the Dubai franchise has been a major success story in terms of recruitment and organisational performance, which led to its expansion into neighbouring Abu Dhabi. (ikeadubai.com/content/careers.asp afuturewithus.com/careers/al-futtaim/home.aspx). The above, if studied in context with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, would suggest that IKEA was more or less forced to employ external organisations, like in the case of Dubai, for its local recruitment procedures, as Middle Eastern cultures pose stronger environments due to rigidity in peoples’ cultural and traditional preferences, requiring the organisation to recruit local personnel to manage local workforce and operations (Hofstede, 1997; Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1998). This may not be largely applicable in western operations, as again according to Hofstede, western cultures are weaker and more flexible to adapt, creating flexible environments in which to operate, thus not requiring external agencies for local operations, and IKEA may even get away with having its Scandinavian focused marketing efforts in such environments (1997; Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, 1998), and moreover, ‘brand’ culture is more prevalent in the west than in the Middl e East (Kotler et al, 2006). It can thus be asserted that in the case of the Middle East, the environment dictates the changes within the organisation in accordance to Morgan’s adaptability theory (2006), whilst in the west; the organisation may have more of an influence on the external environment due to the power of the brand upon consumers’ psych, which is in contradiction with Morgan’s theory of the environment being the dominant party. The above clearly shows IKEA’s existence in accordance with Morgan’s organism metaphor due to the organisation’s focus to change its internal capabilities to match with the external environmental factors. The company seems on the right track by employing external agencies with more local knowledge to manage local operations exhibiting need for change, and to tap into local talent, which may also prove less expensive when compared to its Scandinavian counterparts (Keeley, 2003), especially where the environment seems the dominant force. The organisation as a culture metaphor is slightly intertwined with the above concept of the organism, where the organism metaphor refers to a series of internal changes within the organisation to fit with external changes, the culture metaphor refers to a change in the very behaviour of the organisation through a change in its corporate culture (Morgan, 2006). Corporate or organisational culture, as defined by Schein (2004) is, â€Å"A pattern of shared assumptions a group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you think, perceive, and feel in relation to those problems† (Pg 17) In other words, the methods the organisation uses to bring about the internal changes to align with the environment are expressed in the form of culture. Schein (2004) puts the definition in simpler words by saying, â€Å"it’s the way we do things around here†. But since organisations are made up of groups and individuals, where each individual brings in their own personality and characteristics to a group, based on their own cultural mental programming (Hofstede, 1997) in the society, the organisational culture then becomes a culmination of different cultures and perspectives brought in by the external society. This brings us to the assumption that organisational culture is largely affected by societal and national cultures (hofstede, 1997; Morgan, 2006). In light of the above discussion on the changes IKEA was forced to bring about for its international operations, it may now be significant to learn about the company’s corporate culture. IKEA’s corporate culture is based on the concept of shared values, some of which, as the organisation proclaims, are togetherness, cost-consciousness, respect, and simplicity. These values project a very democratic form of leadership where considerable freedom is given to employees to contribute to the company’s success. IKEA claims to treat all employees, no matter what rank they carry, as partners in the business. The company also boasts no restrictions upon employees in using their own initiatives and offers full support to meet each individual’s needs, ambitions and capabilities. But perhaps the most important proclamation is that â€Å"you can take IKEA out of Smaland but you can’t take Smaland out of IKEA†. Smaland being the village in Sweden where the founder Ingvar Kamprad was born and raised, and also the place to which IKEA attributes its qualities like humility, simplicity and hard work. (ikea.com/ms/en_US/jobs/join_us/ikea_values/index.html) This clearly indicates IKEA’s attachment to its roots in spite of its internationalisation. This also suggests that the core-culture of IKEA, especially where individual branches are directly owned by the IKEA group, is quite rigid and is aimed at promoting its Swedish culture to the rest of the world rather than incorporating the different local cultures that it operates in, but where the branches are owned by franchises in places or countries with strong national cultures, IKEA has had to change its internal culture to align with the national culture(s). Hence the organisation can be seen as a culture due to the fact that, like in the case of IKEA, it has a set of values and beliefs and methods of doing things that are shared and expressed, and taught to new comers as the right way to go, where these values and beliefs and expressions are largely influenced by the individuals and their own perceptions, which are then shared by a group, and are extended to the whole organisation (Morgan, 2006; Schein, 2004; Mullins, 2003; Robbins, 2001). This is especially evident in the case of IKEA, where the dominant cultural element initially has been the Scandinavian focus, as the organisational structure was largely made of Scandinavian personnel and the culture was passed on to new recruits. But due to the company’s aim of expanding worldwide, they have had no choice but to change this internal cultural focus to incorporate other cultures to make up a core organisational culture based on Scandinavian principles rather than personnel, but a culture that embraces differences in local operations, hence creating flexibility. After studying the two metaphors, the writer is inclined to the assumption that both these metaphors deal with the same element of changing the internal to align with the external. It may be plausible to think that a distinction between the two may not even be necessary, because, if an organisation changes its internal operations, at some level, it is ultimately engaging in changing some aspect of its behaviour, which suggests change in culture. So the main critique for Morgan may be that he has introduced too many divisions of metaphors when they are all intertwined in some respects with each other. References: DuPraw, M., Axner, M. (1993). Working on Common Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges. Alexandria, VA: Public Broadcasting System Hammer, M.R., Hart, W. And Rogan, R. (1998) ‘Can You Go Home Again? An Analysis of the Repatriation of Corporate Managers and Spouses’, Management International Review, 38(1): 67-79 Hendry, C. (1994) Human Resource Strategies for International Growth. Routledge: London Hickson, D., McMillan, C., Azumi, K. And Horvath, D.   (1979). ‘Grounds for Comparative Organisation Theory: Quicksands or Hardcore?’ in Lammers, C. And Hickson, D. (eds) Organisations Alike and Unlike, Routledge and Kegan Paul Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind. McGraw Hill, London Hollensen, S. 2007. IKEA: Expanding through franchising to the South American market? Case Study III.1, Global Marketing A decision-oriented approach, 4 ed. Essex, England: Financial Times Press IKEA. 2007. Facts Figures, IKEA Group 2007: Corporate PR, IKEA Services AB Johnson, G. Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th Edition. England: Pearson Education Ltd Keeley, T.D. (2003). International Human Resource Management in Japanese Firms. Palgrave, London Kerr, C., Dunlop, J.T., Harbison, F. And Myers, C.A. (1973). Industrialism and Industrial Man. Penguin, USA Kling, K., Goteman, I. 2003. IKEA CEO Anders Dahlvig on international growth and IKEAs unique corporate culture and brand identity. The Academy of Management Executive, 17(1): 31-37 Kochan, T., Bezrukova, K., Ely, R., Jackson, S., Joshi, A., Jehn, K., Leonard, J., Levine, D., Thomas, D. 2002. The Effect of Diversity on Business Performance:: Diversity Research Network Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing Insights. John Wiley Sons, Inc: New Jersey Kotler, P., Pfoertsch, W. (2006). B2B Brand Management. Springer-Berlin: Germany Larkey, L.J. (1996). â€Å"Toward a theory of communicative interactions in culturally diverse workgroups†, Academy of Management Review, 21:463-91 Milliman, J., Von Glinow, M. And Nathan, B. (1991) ‘Organisational Life Cycles and Strategic International Human Resource Management in Multinational Companies: Implications for Congruence Theory’, Academy of Management Review, 16: 318-39 Morgan, G. (2006). Images of Organisation. Sage: London Morgan, G. (1998) Images of Organisation. Sage Publications, London Mullins, L.J. (2003). Management and Organisational Behaviour. Pitman Publishing, London Neuliep, J.W. (2008). Intercultural Communication: a contextual approach. Sage Publications, USA Robbins. S.P. (2001) Organisational Behaviour. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, Pearson Education International Rollinson, D. (2005). Organisational Behaviour and Analysis. 3rd edition. Pearson, England Schein, E.H. (2004). Organisational Culture and Leadership. 3rd edition. John-Wiley, San Francisco Schuler, R.S., Budhwar, P.S. and Florkowski, G.W. (2002) ‘International Human Resource Management: Review and Critique’, International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(1): 41-70 Scullion, H. (2001) ‘International Human Resource Management’, Human Resource Management. International Thompson: London Scullion, H. And Linehan, M. (2005). International Human Resource Management. Palgrave-Macmillan, New York Torbiorn, I. (1997) ‘Staffing for International Operations’, Human Resource Management Journal, 7(3): 42-51 Trompenaars, F., and Hampden-Turner, C. (1998) Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business. 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill: New York Watson, C.V. (2002). Multiculturalism. Open University Press, Philadelphia Online Resources: Iamaceo (2011) â€Å"IKEA brand success strategy† iamaceo.com/marketing/ikea-brand-success-strategy/ Assessed on the 23rd of February 2011 IKEA (2011) â€Å"Student Information† ikea.com/ms/en_GB/about_ikea/press_room/student_info.html Assessed on the 24th of February 2011 IKEA Dubai (2011) â€Å"Jobs at IKEA† ikeadubai.com/content/careers.asp Assessed on the 25th of February 2011 A future with us (2011) â€Å"Jobs at IKEA† afuturewithus.com/careers/al-futtaim/home.aspx Assessed on the 25th of February 2011 IKEA (2011) â€Å"Join us† ikea.com/ms/en_US/jobs/join_us/ikea_values/index.html Assessed on the 26th of February 2011

3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons

3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons 3 Sentences with Unnecessary Semicolons By Mark Nichol Semicolons, used to separate two independent clauses or two or more words and/or phrases in a list when at least one phrase is itself a list whose items are separated by commas, are sometimes erroneously employed when those conditions do not exist. Here are three such sentences, each followed by a discussion and a revision. 1. The regulation extends the civil market abuse regime to new markets and instruments; adds extraterritorial scope; and introduces a new offence of attempted market manipulation. A long sentence that lists several things with extended phrasing does not merit semicolons; commas are sufficient the separate the elements: â€Å"The regulation extends the civil market abuse regime to new markets and instruments, adds extraterritorial scope, and introduces a new offence of attempted market manipulation.† 2. The organization saw an opportunity to connect more clearly with a multitude of stakeholder expectations; position risk in the context of an enterprise’s performance, rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise; and enable organizations to become more anticipatory. This sentence does not require semicolons, either- â€Å"rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise† is clearly parenthetical to the second item, not part of a list within a list: â€Å"The organization saw an opportunity to connect more clearly with a multitude of stakeholder expectations, position risk in the context of an enterprise’s performance, rather than as the focus of an isolated exercise, and enable organizations to become more anticipatory.† (Notice how each item begins with a verb, signaling a clear syntactical structure.) 3. Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines; virtual reality; mobile technologies; cloud computing; social business; and smart grids, factories, and cities in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change. Only one item in this list itself consists of a list, and it is the last item, so no confusion about the organization of the sentence is likely: â€Å"Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines, virtual reality, mobile technologies, cloud computing, social business, and smart grids, factories, and cities in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change.† An alternative is to set the final item apart from the others: â€Å"Advances in digital technologies- including intelligent devices and machines, virtual reality, mobile technologies, cloud computing, and social business, as well as smart grids, factories, and cities, in an app-centric world- are driving disruptive change.† This version also avoids the cluttered look of a semicolon-laden sentence, though it makes the sentence slightly more complex. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

Ad analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ad analysis - Essay Example This essay considers the specific aspects of audience, picture, language, and technique, as they are implemented in a Prudential advertisement that is featured in the current issue of the New Yorker. Audience The specific advertisement was found in an issue of the New Yorker. With this concept in mind it’s possible that the intentions of the advertiser were to reach a more educated audience, who already has a general understanding of financial aspects and upper-level vocabulary and comprehension skills. In these regards, the extent the audience is clearly middle to upper class and educated. Picture There are a great many visual techniques implemented in the advertisement. The first notable concept is that the advertising consists of a full page spread with an entirely dark blue background. The effect of this is such that it creates a juxtaposing effect in relation to the heavy text-based stories that constitute the majority of the magazine. In terms of specific pictures, in th e upper-right hand of the advertisement a city backdrop is pictured in muted-tones. The signification of this imagery seems to indicate that Prudential has a urban feel, perhaps reminiscent of Wall-Street. This is further indicative of an understanding of financial systems as being rooted in industrial or urban life. The very functions of the urban experience demonstrate the gear and wheels of the working economy; indeed, right next to the picture of buildings are pictures of gears in motion. Pictured even further to the left of these individuals is a small man in yellow. The implications of this imagery seem to empathize with the potential customer or client. In essence, the advertising is situating the reader in the position of the small man in yellow, and the Prudential advertisement is saying that through going to Prudential for financial advice will result in the individual being able to navigate this challenging urban environment. Language Perhaps unique to this advertisement is the reliance it places on text. One possible explanation for this is the obvious implication that since the advertisement is from the New Yorker, it is believed that the audience will be more interested in reading text than perhaps in a publication such as People or ESPN the Magazine. In fact, text is featured in two long columns throughout the entire body of the page. In terms of the actual language that is implemented, the first relies on a rhetorical feel, attempting to empathize and draw the reader into the advertisement. Even though it is featured in the New Yorker, the text still retains a crisp and to-the-point tone. Phrases such as, â€Å"What if today was the day we took on the big challenges?† are balanced against more financially specific language such as, â€Å"What if we could help create more reliable and durable forms of financial security?† Ultimately, it’s clear that the language remains in traditional advertising form, while acknowledging th at the reader is aware of general financial terminology. Technique The overall technique is the creation of an advertisement that doesn’t insult the reader’s intelligence, conforms to traditional advertising trends, and considers the medium in which it will be displayed. The overall signification of the advertisement seems to indicate that through Prudential’s experience the reader will be able to navigate the challenges of the contemporary financial environment. In these regards, the text moves from a general rhetorical style to more specific information related to reader interest. It implements contrast to bring out the heading ‘Bring Your Challenges’ which also represents the general theme of the advertisement. It also displays this theme in visual ways through the juxtaposition of the sm

How did september 11 change the life of socities Research Paper

How did september 11 change the life of socities - Research Paper Example There have been several changes within the American society ever since the attacks which has literally affected the lives of many people. Civil liberties have been subject to changes and in order to protect the country from further attacks several policies and security measures at airports and other important places have been stepped up which has posed serious restrictions to civil liberties. This has resulted in a changed psychology among the American people about their country, politics, world society and their security (Kelly; Schmidt; 9-11 Social Consequences). Considering the magnitude of the 9/11 attacks such restrictions and societal changes are not surprising as the country is in a dire need to safeguard both its people and resources. No country can afford to lose manpower and property to terrorism and given the potential strength of America, it has been able to overcome the destruction mainly owing to its people who remain unified in their fight against terrorism following t he attacks. The American society has indeed become vulnerable to attacks by terrorists mainly owing to its open frontiers, greater allowance to civil liberties, lack of any discrimination towards people, a free market and the rights enjoyed by the people to live a free life on their own terms. All of these were against the moral beliefs of the terrorists and which led them to attack the country and show the American people that their nation was indeed vulnerable and that its security could also be under constant threat. However, while the attacks were made with the intention of creating animosity among the diverse American population, it did, in fact create a more unified America. This has become a reality despite the series of civil restrictions and stricter policies that have been imposed on innocent Americans. This can be mainly attributed to the changes that occurred with the country during the 20th century which made the country more tolerable. This is the same country which ha d banned the teaching of German language after the First World War and the imprisonment of Germans, Japanese and Italians following the Second World War. Over the years the American people have developed the culture of â€Å"not judging the others†. This attitude has allowed people to rationalize the actions of others though there were some incidents targeting Muslims immediately after the attacks. However, these incidents were relatively small in number; even though they are deplorable. In addition the attacks also lead to a social cohesion among the people as those who survived the attacks showed a great willingness to help the wounded and the deceased (9-11 Social Consequences). This indeed has been a positive outcome of the attacks as aid from all around the world poured in and many thousands of people volunteered to secure people from the debris. However, this volunteering has been mainly from children belonging to the upper-middle class background as they have begun to show greater interest in public life, civic engagement, politics and society. However, the same has not been found with children belonging to the working class sector as they know that despite all their efforts they would ultimately land up in some firm working round the clock. Hence the post 9/11 attacks did witness a gap in the social class and many experts see this gap as that between the rich and the poor

Rich dad and poor dad Essay Example for Free

Rich dad and poor dad Essay BSTM III This story about Rich Dad, Poor Dad it inspires a lot of people who already read this book. It gives us motivation in life. We all know everyone has a purpose in life. Educational attainment is important to have a successful life in the future. Treasure your knowledge about the things you’ve learned. Make some experienced like working in a company and pay yourself and buy a reward for you. By sharing your knowledge to everyone that you talked to has a chance to have more ideas in what you do. Be dedicated about your work; it is important to get involved in some investment, business ventures to have a secure and comfortable life. Used your skills about how to hold your finances right. â€Å"Rich does not work for money† they’ve work for keeping safe and the willingness to learn something new. They classify the standard of living, the powers that influenced many people and the money that controls all the necessities in the world. In the ‘Rat Race’ game in the monopoly board it shows how the player needs information to invest in a good deal to win the game and how you spent your money wisely. He never exits because he keeps going around, always returning to the same place where he was before. Once we find ways to make more money working more to pay for our expenses, we find new ways to spend our money, which in turn gets us into more expenses. That is why we never find the exit from and will keep running in the rat race. Most of us got used to it because that is what almost everybody gets from life, but if you think about it for a while; we want to get out the rat race to be able to be financially independent and have a control of our lives. Many people trapped in a rat race because they do not know manage finances are important to value your money. Even if you are rich or poor you will think a good investment and keeping your money more useful and productive. The rich man has to manage their accounts, investments, properties or assets to secure their future and the next generation. While in the middle class society they work hard and they do it for their family to give them a comfortable life but in some instances they’ve work because of the money. Rich men have a more advantages in terms in finances they have consultant and the finances they manage well. Give your kids some advice on how they spent money and teach us how to be a more responsible about the money. The biologic dad was a teacher, worked for others during all his life and died poor. The business dad was an entrepreneur that invested his life in learning and building new businesses, and so he became rich. The poor man has an investment in education this is the good deals they do to be a better persons and learned experienced while they doing some stuff. Give your best shot and strive to life to achieve your goals. Have a positive outlook in life. Teach yourself to set yourself always be an employee of somebody that manages those concepts and takes advantage of that to run a business using the work force of other people. Learn communication skills to deal with other people. Make your own move about all the matters you’ve encountered in life. Perseverance has obtained in our individuals personality to push you around. Make things possible. Both dads’ are thinking how the money flows. Act, manage risk, and think big, think businesses don’t be afraid to take a risk. Be more knowledgeable about your surroundings and conduct a surveys or knowing your priorities in life. It advocates financial independence through investing, real state, owning a business. It highlights the attitudes in money. In their decision making was affected because they will be smart in making decisions if they go wrong to their decisions they will lose it forever. Learn to classify your assets and liabilities. Generate a cash flow in the circulation of the market. The two dads influence their children to be more responsible about the money. Money rules 1. Spend Less Than You Earn 2. Dont Over-Think Your Investments 3. Stop Wasting Time 4. Eliminate (and Avoid) High-Interest Debt 5. Talk About Money (And Be Honest) 6. Stop Trying to Impress Other People 7. Watch Your Progress (But Make It Fun) 8. Take Care of Your Things 9. Do It Yourself 10. Plan Ahead Every Time You Spend 11. Find and Work Toward Your True Passions 12. Build Real Friendships and Relationships 13. Improve Yourself Every Chance You Get 14. Give Without Strings or Regrets In the rules of the money basically tackles about how the money flow and to planned and make your own move to improve your ideas and knowledge about the things you’ve taking care of. Makes plans, rules and your obligations to do and make it realistic and interesting. Think another strategies and techniques on how you will find a good opportunity in investing your money. Take suggestions came from your friends, relatives and other people. Researching or by attending a seminars will help you to learn a lot of new things and you will know the potentials of your money in the market. Control your money by having an accounts, cards, notes, bonds. Reading and understanding of financial statements is a must to understand how a business operates. Teach us the basic of business and finance concepts like cash flow, assets, liabilities, income and expenses. There are good points in life management. Do some ways to invent money and have an investment that nurture your future life. The objective is to learn how to handle your finances and seeking a good opportunities. It talks about a lot of financial tricks you can apply to make more money. It is the way of life to fulfill your dreams or goals that you want to achieve. Be ready to the challenges and the problems that you encountered. It develops your perspective in life and boosts your confidence to take a risk. Learn to discipline yourself and have a point of view. Get new ideas on how you can fix things eventually. You may work for others to gain experience, knowledge and insights about the businesses. The author of this book says about your financial responsibility. It talks about focusing and finding new ways are good sources of money. Many people do not learn to their lesson in life which continues now. The lives of many of us follow the same pattern. We get jobs working for others because we need money to pay for our expenses. Once we earn our own money, we are ready to buy more things. The pattern of money spending is evident. Once we get what we want, we need more money to keep our life style. The Rich dad, Poor dad book teaches us how to get out of this never ending cycle. It teaches a very basic, but also very important lesson about financial education that we should have learned in schools. Most of those lessons are actually advices that you should reflect upon and choose to follow or not depending on your circumstances of life. Once you learn these basic lessons you realize how you can get the financial independence that will allow you to have a more satisfying life, working only on the projects you want, instead of just wasting your life working for others in things that are not very fulfilling. It has an outstanding content that will nourish our mind and our souls. â€Å"Enjoy life to the fullest† it is a one chance that may happen to your life and never goes back anyway.

The Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Essay -- Human Clonin

The Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Human cloning, long the subject of science fiction, is today a practical reality. Recent breakthroughs, most renowned the cloning of a sheep from an adult cell in Scotland in 1997, have caused the world to acknowledge that human cloning is indeed possible. Governments around the world immediately attempted to address the issue of human cloning, with varying levels of success. At the same time the pace of cloning technology continued to accelerate. This paper will first examine the development of the technology that makes human cloning possible and the scientific uncertainties surrounding it. While this paper does not intend to take a stand on either side of the human cloning issue, a brief discussion of the human cloning controversy will be presented to help frame the legal debate. United States and international law then will be presented and analyzed. This paper argues that while there is a general consensus domestically and abroad that human cloning should be prohibited, the current legal paradigm is insufficient and unsuited to stop the proliferation of cloning technology and effectively prevent the occurance of human cloning. Finally, an this paper will examine the actors who may have an interest in cloning humans, and argue that a human being will likely be cloned in our time. The Science Cloning is a rather ambiguous term, and may refer to molecular cloning, cellular cloning, embryo twinning, and nuclear somatic transfer1. It is nuclear somatic transfer that is the concern of this paper and relevant to the subject of human cloning. Any competent discussion of the science that may make human cloning possible begins with the c... ...st horrifying visions of a future world of clones produced in human factories will prove unfounded, being dismissed by existing child abuse laws. The end product of somatic human cell nuclear transfer is nothing more than a baby, one that despite its genetic make-up, will have to chart its own path through life. 1 Gregory E. Pence. Who’s Afraid of Human Cloning? Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. New York: 1998, p. 11 2 National Bioethics Association Commission (NBAC) Cloning Human Beings- Report and Recommendations. vol. II, p. B6 3 Heagle, 4 4 Marie A. DiBerardino & Robert G. McKinnell, Backward Compatible, The Sciences, Sept./Oct. 97, p. 32 5 Heagle, 5 6 Susan Greenlee. Dolly’s Legacy to Human Cloning: International Legal Responses and Potential Human Rights Violations. 18 Wisconsin University Law Journal 537. Spring 2000, Lexis-Nexis Version p. 5 The Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Essay -- Human Clonin The Science and the Laws Impacting Human Cloning Human cloning, long the subject of science fiction, is today a practical reality. Recent breakthroughs, most renowned the cloning of a sheep from an adult cell in Scotland in 1997, have caused the world to acknowledge that human cloning is indeed possible. Governments around the world immediately attempted to address the issue of human cloning, with varying levels of success. At the same time the pace of cloning technology continued to accelerate. This paper will first examine the development of the technology that makes human cloning possible and the scientific uncertainties surrounding it. While this paper does not intend to take a stand on either side of the human cloning issue, a brief discussion of the human cloning controversy will be presented to help frame the legal debate. United States and international law then will be presented and analyzed. This paper argues that while there is a general consensus domestically and abroad that human cloning should be prohibited, the current legal paradigm is insufficient and unsuited to stop the proliferation of cloning technology and effectively prevent the occurance of human cloning. Finally, an this paper will examine the actors who may have an interest in cloning humans, and argue that a human being will likely be cloned in our time. The Science Cloning is a rather ambiguous term, and may refer to molecular cloning, cellular cloning, embryo twinning, and nuclear somatic transfer1. It is nuclear somatic transfer that is the concern of this paper and relevant to the subject of human cloning. Any competent discussion of the science that may make human cloning possible begins with the c... ...st horrifying visions of a future world of clones produced in human factories will prove unfounded, being dismissed by existing child abuse laws. The end product of somatic human cell nuclear transfer is nothing more than a baby, one that despite its genetic make-up, will have to chart its own path through life. 1 Gregory E. Pence. Who’s Afraid of Human Cloning? Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. New York: 1998, p. 11 2 National Bioethics Association Commission (NBAC) Cloning Human Beings- Report and Recommendations. vol. II, p. B6 3 Heagle, 4 4 Marie A. DiBerardino & Robert G. McKinnell, Backward Compatible, The Sciences, Sept./Oct. 97, p. 32 5 Heagle, 5 6 Susan Greenlee. Dolly’s Legacy to Human Cloning: International Legal Responses and Potential Human Rights Violations. 18 Wisconsin University Law Journal 537. Spring 2000, Lexis-Nexis Version p. 5

Grendel and Cain Essay

In the story of Beowulf you get a glimpse of many different themes throughout this epic. Those themes range from good and evil to those of death and glory. The story itself depicts a period in history when life was lead â€Å"blind† through the teachings of the book of the lord and his spoken words. At this same period in history traditional pagan religious practices and beliefs have slowly given way to the ideals and philosophy of Christianity. Many of the themes held within the pages of Beowulf stem from the proverbs and fables recited and practiced in the Old Testament, while concurrently adding pagan beliefs of monsters, demons, and multiple gods. The most striking of these biblical comparisons is viewed between Grendel (the protagonist, evil rival of Beowulf) and Cain (the evil brother of Able). In the Old Testament, Cain kills his brother Abel and is consequently punished and banished from the Garden of Eden by God. His actions proved to have a dramatic effect on the life of Grendel and the choices he makes throughout his life until his epic struggle for victory over the Geats and Beowulf himself. Symbolically and genetically, Grendel assumes the role of his ancestor Cain in this epic story as an outsider, disowned from the rest of society, finding a home only among the unknown (evil) and those who have sinned. Feeding on the flesh and blood of god’s creations, Grendel starts a vigorous battle to destroy all that is good and the things he can not have. To the Anglo-Saxons and the creators of Beowulf, one of the worst crimes a person could have committed in life was that of murdering ones kin (or the killing of one’s brother). During the era of this writing the figure of Cain is used metaphorically to represent â€Å"the unknown† (chaos, evil) and the presence of evil. Cain defies gods will and so he secludes himself to the evils of the surrounding world only to foster a hatred of god and a family cursed for eternity. The period in which Grendel and Cain resided in was deeply structured around the book of the lord (bible) and as a result created a society structured around the teachings and morals of its stories. The idea of friendship and kin being desecrated through the act of murder is one of the worst things a person can do and the consequences of that are severe. Grendel is a victim of his own world and the actions of his ancestors. The society for which Grendel wants to conquer and deny existence  proves to be the creator and destroyer of his tragic being. In the classic story of Cain and Able, Cain enviously slays his brother Able in a vicious outcry of jealousy and anger. For his sin, he was banished from mankind for eternity and left only to live life displaced from the routines of normal beings and forced to live among the dark and the sinful. Cain was the first of a cursed family to be exiled for the sins he committed. His punishment proved to have a drastic effect on him and the future of his blood line. His punishment spawned his dedication to holding a grudge against god himself and the unreachable light he has been denied of. After being the first born of Adam and eve, Cain went on to become a farmer of the ground, while his brother Abel followed the pursuits of a keeper of the sheep. Cain became a self-willing, vindictive man, defiant in his attitude towards God and his relation to his kin. His eternal sin was committed on the seventh day or Sunday of the week while the two brothers were presenting offerings to the lord. Abel’s offering was of the â€Å"firstlings of his flock and of the fat† (Gen. 4:4), while Cain’s â€Å"was of the fruit of the ground† (Gen. 4:3). For Abel’s sacrifice, he gave the best he had and so his offering was respected by his elders while Cain’s offering was scorned and dismissed. It was for this reason Cain brood anger towards his kin; the worst of which was focused on his younger brother Able. After his disgrace towards the lord and his family, Cain’s apathy towards his brother produced feelings of murderous intention and hatred. Sooner or later this desperate outrage led him to murder Able in raw uneventful hatred. For his sin he was expelled from Eden. From that day on he led the life of an exile, doomed to be â€Å"a fugitive and wanderer in the earth† (Gen. 4:12) and denied the rights of a normal man, only to bare the mark of a sinner and warning to others. With this Cain walked into the land of Nod (unknown, evil, dark), only to leave a legacy felt by the generations of his offspring. When Cain killed Able, he ignited the eternal flame of a cursed family. From Cain’s blood came â€Å"the curse of his exile and sprang ogres and elves and evil phantoms and the giants too† (Beowulf. Pg. 35), darkness entailed is legacy and evil embodied his future. Grendel is a descendant of Cain, so he shares Cain’s exile from all that is good and light. Cain may have been the  first displaced person after Adam and Eve, but he was not the last. Grendel shares his ancestor’s punishment, he is exiled not only from whatever land or wealth he would have had if he were â€Å"human†, but he is also abandoned by God and all who followed and indulge in his faith and grandeur. It is this abandonment that causes Grendel to destroy and murder. â€Å"The treasure seat, he was kept from approaching; he was the Lords outcast† (Beowulf pg.36), since he cannot approach the throne of the Lord like the rest of mankind, he chooses to attempt to destroy it. He has no love for God and his children if he can not be with them â€Å"hand in hand†. However, unlike Cain and his parents, Grendel is doomed from his creation by being conceived into a blood line stricken by an eternity of banishment from God’s light because of Cain’s sin against his brother. It is for this reason why Grendel kills. He can never be in the light because he is constantly fighting a lonely war against God and all of his creations. Because of his expulsion from that which is good, he is moreover discarded by everything that follows in the wake of gods will (people, society, life, etc.). The text refers to him as â€Å"spurned and joyless† (Beowulf pg. 47); it is no wonder why Grendel was considered so monstrous. He did not accept his banishment without fighting back. Like most people who are enraged and apathetic and then placed between a â€Å"rock and a hard place† he fought back â€Å"insensible to pain and human sorrow† (Beowulf pg. 35) for those he murdered. The reason behind his actions is not because he is an unruly monster, but instead, he is overwhelmed by jealousy because he is not able to share in the spoils god has made accessible to humanity. With this in mind, if Grendel can not step into the light and become part of the life as witnessed from the outside. Then he will destroy it and leave it for no one. Just as Cain did before him, Grendel will never be content with himself as long as he must bare witness to the celebrating of life and love enjoyed by all whom lavish in the glow of Gods hands. Whether it is Grendel or his ancestor Cain, they both suffer from the agony of trying to survive in a world as cursed beings, forced to loath around in the outskirts of the cold night and the loneliness of a sun scorched day. After destroying the perfect image of a content person in the name of jealousy and anger, Cain; forbidden to enter the known world forever,  created a sphere of influence which played into the future of his children and his grandchildren’s children and so on. Even though the mark of Cain is not evident on Grendel’s physical characteristics, the presence of his cursed nature is. He like Cain suffers from an abandonment of faith and humanity. As outcasts they both find resentment and hatred towards the things they want most, whether it’s acknowledgement by god and all that is good in the world or the ability to wander freely without fear of ridicule and hostility. To humanity they pose a threat worse then the sum of most people’s fears. They represent all that is bad in the world and as a result find themselves rejected by everything good the world has to offer. It is circumstances like these that have proven to bring out the worst in a person, such as they did in Cain and his later ancestor Grendel. What would you expect from those forced to live among the displaced in a world resentful of there existence. Instead of being accepted for there misfortunes and forgiven for there sins, they where rejected for what they where and what they had become, resulting in a creature motivated by pain and apathy inflicted by the keeper of there being and the audience of there lives.

Examining the Constitutionality of the Louisiana Purchase Essay

The acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase caused a political debate of the constitution in the early United States government. There was a difference of opinions between politicians including Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. Many believed that the provisions outlined in the United States Constitution should be strictly followed, but others believe that the Constitution was open to interpretation. These differences of opinion over the interpretation came into play when Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase with France. Jefferson was a staunch Federalist who believed in applying the words of the Constitution verbatim. However, Jefferson would later justify a broader interpretation of the Constitution based on the argument that the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase would solidify the safety, security, and unity of the young United States. Spain had a contract with the young United States that they would share use of this major port for both imports and exports. Theriault states, à ¢â‚¬Å"Americans much preferred Louisiana in the weaker and more benign Spanish hands.† (Theriault 297). However, Spain sold this territory to France. As a result, the United States lost access to a major trade route and citizens lost their businesses and goods. Jefferson recognized that the port of New Orleans was vital for the United States’ economic success and power. France was going to use the land to form a sugar empire. Having access to the Mississippi River would give France an advantage over the United States and other countries. Harriss explains, â€Å"When Jefferson heard rumors of Napolà ©on’s secret deal, he immediately saw the threat to America’s Western settlements and its vital outlet to the Gulf of Mexico† (Harriss). The Louisiana territory would also provide France with a geographical advantage over the United States should any tensions occur in the future. Theriault states, â€Å"Federalists could explain their strident view in p rotecting the West as an outgrowth of their strong defense policies† (Theriault 304). Additionally, the Louisiana Purchase would also ease current tensions between France and the United States, preventing a possible  war. Jefferson also supported his decision in buying the Louisiana Purchase on the basis that it would provide additional land for the United States. This land could be used for western expansion as the population of the young country continued to increase. Thomas Paine was one of the main politicians who voiced concern over the religious differences between the populations of the current United States and those that would inhabit the new territory. It was a problem of national unity. He was concerned over how the United States would add those who already resided in the territory. These inhabitants had gone through a transfer of power and control from Spain, France, and now the United States. The religions worshiped by these inhabitants were based on the prior countries that held control. Paine was very concerned by this because the territory had a large population of Catholics, whereas the majority of the United States was Protestant. These inhabitants had also been in control based on rulers based on divine right. Paine was concerned with how the newest citizens of the United Stated would accept the Constitution, based on a separation between church and state. Despite these concerns, Paine did acknowledge that assimilation would be su ccessful, but it would take time. The Louisiana Purchase marked the beginning of a debate over interpretation of the Constitution that still goes on today. Jefferson himself argued that â€Å"a president could step outside the Constitution but only with the knowledge and consent of the people for whose benefit the Constitution was framed and adopted† (Bernstein). While not directly stated, Jefferson’s actions could be supported by a broad interpretation of the tenth amendment. The tenth amendment states, â€Å"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people† (National Archives). This amendment justifies the acceptance of Louisiana as a state within the United States. It also addresses the rights of the people residing within Louisiana as citizens. The tenth amendment provides a solution over the concerns of Thomas Paine. Jefferson’s actions prevented possible conflict between th e United States and France, using executive powers to ensure the safety, security, and unity of the United States. Works Cited Bernstein, R.B. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson and Executive Power.† Journal of the Early Republic, 30.1 (2010): 139-142. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. Harriss, Joseph. â€Å"Westward Ho!† Smithsonian 34.1 (2003): 100. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. National Archives. â€Å"Bill of Rights Transcript.† The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 27 Jan 2013. Theriault, Sean M. â€Å"Party Politics During The Louisiana Purchase.† Social Science History 30.2 (2006): 293-324. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Jan. 2013.

J.S. Bach Essays - German Lutherans, Johann Sebastian Bach

J.S. Bach Essays - German Lutherans, Johann Sebastian Bach J.S. Bach Johann Sebastian Bach Since the dawn of music, there have been many great composers throughout the world. However, no composer had a greater impact to music than Johann Sebastian Bach from the Baroque era (1600 ad. -1750 ad.). Johann Sebastian Bach was a forefather to music as the author Homer was a forefather Western literature. Yet, unlike Homer's uses of words and verses in his literature, J.S. Bach used notes and chords in his music which to him was an apparatus of worship. Johann Sebastian Bach was born on March 21, 1685, in Eisenach, Thuringina, into a family that over seven generations created at least 53 outstanding musicians. He first received musical training from his father, Johann Ambrosius, a town musician. Stricken by his father's death at the young age of 10, he went to reside and study with his older brother, Johann Christoph, an organist in Ohrdruf. In 1700, Bach began to earn his own living as a chorister at the Church of Saint Michael in Luneburg. Later in 1703, he became a violinist in the chamber orchestra at the Church of Prince Ernst of Weimar, but later moved to Arnstadt, where he became a church organist. In October 1705, Bach went to Lubeck to study with the distinguished Danish-born German organist and composer Dietrich Buxtehude which largely affected Bach. Bach was then criticized for the new lavish flourishes and bizarre harmonies in his organ accompaniments to congregational singing. He was already too highly respected, nevertheless, for either objection to result in his dismissal. Then in 1707, he went to Mulhausen as an organist in the Church of Saint Blasius. The next year, he went back to Weimar as an organist and violinist at the court of Duke Wilhelm Ernst and abide there for the next 9 years, becoming concertmaster of the court orchestra in 1714. In Weimar he composed about 30 cantatas, and also wrote organ and harpsichord works. In 1717, Bach began a 6- year employment as chapelmaster and director of chamber music at the court of Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Kothen. During this time he basically wrote secular music for ensembles and solo instruments. In addition, he prepared music books with the intent of teaching keyboard technique and musicianship. These books include the Well- Tempered Clavier, the Inventions, and the Little Organ Book. In 1723, Bach moved to Leipzig were he spent the rest of his life. At Leipzig, he became the music director and choirmaster of Saint Thomas's church. Life at Leipzig however was unsatisfactory. He continually quarreled with the town council, and neither the council nor the critics appreciated his musical genius. They saw him more a stifling elderly man who clung stubbornly to obsolete forms of music. Regardless, the 202 cantatas surviving from the 295 that he wrote in Leipzig are still played today, whereas a lot that was new and in craze at the same time has been forgotten. Nearly all of the cantatas start with a section for both chorus and orchestra, continue with alternating recitatives and arias for solo voices and accompaniment, and end with a chorale based on a simple Lutheran hymn. Among these works are the Ascension Cantata and the Christmas Oratorio, the following including of six cantatas. The Passion of St. John and the Passion of St. Matthew also were composed in Leipzig, as was the momentous Mass in B Minor. Among the works written for keyboard during this period are the famous Goldberg Variations, Part II of the Well- Tempered Clavier, and The Art of the Fugue, a grand exhibition of his contrapuntal ability in the form of 16 fugues and 4 canons, all on a single theme. Bach's sight began to deteriorate in the concluding year of his life, and he died on July 28, 1750, following undergoing an failed eye operation. J.S. Bach's greatest impact to music was his own music. The importance of Bach's music is due in a big part to the magnitude of his intellect. He is the best recognized as a ultimate master of counterpoint. He was able to understand and use every resource of musical language that was available in the Baroque era as Homer did with the Greek language of Archaic Greece. At the same time, he could compose for voice and the different instruments so as to take advantage of the peculiar characteristics of the make up and tone quality in each. Also, when a text was associated with the music, J.S. Bach could compose musical equivalents of verbal concepts, such as expanding melody to characterize the sea, or a canon to depict the Christians following the teachings

Persuasive Writing Is Getting the Reader to Say Yes

Persuasive Writing Is Getting the Reader to Say Yes Persuasive Writing Is Getting the Reader to Say â€Å"Yes† Persuasive Writing Is Getting the Reader to Say â€Å"Yes† By Mark Nichol All writing, in a sense, is persuasive writing. Even in fiction, the writer asks readers to engage in a story and agree, or at least sympathize, with a premise. But two particular types of prose, the advertisement and the argument, encourage readers to buy something, whether it’s a literal purchase of a service or a product or a figurative acquisition of a proposition or an idea. The principles, regardless of the writing format, are essentially the same. Headline Writers accustomed to thinking of persuasive writing as an assignment in English class may be tempted to skip over this section, but whether you’re crafting an opinion piece for a publication or writing ad copy, the headline is the most important part of the composition. Therefore, marketing consultants advise writers to spend half the time it takes to craft a piece of persuasive writing on the headline. Most people, they say, will read a headline, but few will read what follows unless the headline encourages them to. The tone of a headline depends on the argument or message, of course; the wording will differ widely depending on whether the text is authoritative or entertaining (though there is no reason to omit one of these qualities at the expense of the other). Do, however, keep it as short as possible certainly, less than ten words long, unless you simply can’t get your message across without more. (But try to abbreviate it one more time.) Above all, write the headline first. You can always change it later, but by beginning with a headline, you provide yourself with a statement of your premise to keep you on track. Structure The following guidelines may read like something out of Comp 101, but bear with me: Introduce your point in a topic paragraph. Present your arguments in separate paragraphs. Provide facts or examples for each argument. Offer alternative or opposing viewpoints and argue why they are not valid or feasible. Summarize your point in a concluding paragraph. So, where’s the part about a five-paragraph essay in which each paragraph consists of five sentences? That’s the traditional formula for persuasive writing, but there’s no reason to follow it. You should, however, know it, and know the five structural steps, because you must know the rules before you can effectively break them. Even if you’re writing ad copy, you might try drafting your proposition according to these templates. Then, at that point, you can mold your message in whatever form works for you. But adhering to the rules, at least initially, can help you develop your argument without concerning yourself with the format. Techniques Apply these ideas to your argument: Provocation: Explain a problem that must be resolved and solve it. Explanation: Clearly state your solution. Repetition: Reiterate your premise. Authority: Establish your credibility with rational, responsible statements (ethos, or appeal to character), facts and figures (logos, or appeal to logic), and consistency. (The third classic value, pathos, or appeal to emotion, is not out of place among the first two, and often the most effective arguments incorporate all three.) Testimony: Quote or refer to experts or well-known figures to bolster your argument. Prediction: Depict a positive outcome to your solution. Anticipation: Preempt or respond to disagreement or skepticism by rebutting other options. Comparison: Encourage agreement by pointing to examples of existing phenomena that reflect your viewpoint or proposition. Personality: Inject warmth and vitality into your argument to appeal to your readers. Inclusion: Encourage buy-in by inviting readers to be part of the movement or the party of adherents to your viewpoint, or to join the clientele or customer base. Style and Strategy Consider your audience when determining your tone, but keep the basics in mind: Write clearly, coherently, and concisely, and use the active voice. But also keep in mind persuasive strategies such as emphasizing benefits, not features; writing for the undecided; and concentrating on expressing, not impressing, the reader. Finally, recite your composition, no matter what the intended medium or audience. If it doesn’t work as a speech, it’s unlikely to succeed in writing. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical Words50 Types of Propaganda5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Benefit Compensation Essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benefit Compensation Essays - Essay Example The supporters of defined benefit plans argue that DB retirement plans represent the only, which can offer real retirement safety. The supporters of defined contribution plans state that DC retirement plans still provide more safety due to the possibility of employees to trace the facilities on their accounts. During the last few years too many defined benefits plans were changed to defined contribution retirement plans. The main reasons of that are the following: Michael Sze in his work â€Å"Which is Better for the Participants - A Defined Benefit or A Defined Contribution Plan† provides the questionnaire that helps define employees’ preferences. He made an interesting conclusion that younger workers prefer defined contribution retirement plans, while older employees often choose defined benefits plans. The survey clearly indicates that the employees are more informed than what some pension experts believe them to be. The employees may not fully understand the technical details of the DB and DC plans, but they know essentially what they need and what types of arrangements would be best to provide for these needs. The challenge is for the pension experts and plan sponsors to establish plans that will cater to their needs (Sze). It is necessary to mention that converting defined benefits plans into defined contribution retirement plans represents a problem for companies. Some people do that not because of advantages the plan provides, but to have extra funds in the situation of economic crisis. Jeff Sanford calls it â€Å"a new pension crisis† and comments: Another problem, as some companies are starting to find out, is that plan conversions may set your company up for legal problems if employees retire and run out of money faster than they expected. As lawsuits already filed in the U.S. are making clear, employees are holding companies responsible